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Addition reaction vs Substitution reaction🔁

Addition and substitution are two core organic reaction types. Whether atoms are added or swapped sets them apart.

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Addition reaction
  • Atoms add across a multiple bond
  • Double or triple bond becomes single
  • Typical of unsaturated compounds
  • No small molecule is released
  • Example: bromine adding to an alkene
🔁Substitution reaction
  • One atom or group replaces another
  • Bonds are swapped, not added
  • Typical of saturated and aromatic compounds
  • Often releases a small molecule
  • Example: chlorination of an alkane

Verdict

Addition reactions saturate a multiple bond by adding atoms; substitution reactions swap one group for another. Unsaturated compounds favor addition, saturated ones favor substitution.

Frequently asked

Which compounds undergo addition?+

Unsaturated compounds with double or triple bonds, like alkenes and alkynes.

What happens in a substitution reaction?+

An atom or group on the molecule is replaced by a different atom or group.

Why do aromatics prefer substitution?+

Substitution keeps the stable aromatic ring intact, while addition would break it.

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